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Neurodegenerative disorders.
These include Alzheimer’s disease. Decreased aspects of cognition not related to memory may indicate early stages of this disease. These include searching for the right word, problems understanding visual images, and impaired reasoning or judgment.
As it progresses, symptoms become more severe and include increased confusion and behavioral changes.
In the mild form, the person may appear healthy, but they have problems understanding the world around them. What may these be?
- Disorders of recognition of individual objects (e.g., forgets the word “telephone,” but can characterize its function – what it says);
- Wrong judgments, dictated by the person’s suspicion;
- loses spontaneity and sense of initiative;
- confusion about dates or knowledge of current location;
- repeating questions or forgetting recently learned information;
- problems with handling money and paying bills;
- problems in planning or problem solving;
- losing things or misplacing them in odd places;
- changes in mood and personality;
- increased anxiety and aggression.
Alzheimer’s disease is often diagnosed at this stage. In later stages, signs such as:
- changes in sleep patterns. For example, more sleep during the day and restlessness at night;
- difficulty performing familiar, multi-step tasks, such as getting dressed;
- intermittent problems recognizing family and friends;
Hallucinations, delusions and paranoia; - impulsive behavior, such as undressing at inappropriate times or places or using vulgar language;
- Inappropriate emotional outbursts;
- restlessness, agitation, anxiety, tearfulness, and rambling – especially in the evening.